## Oil quizzes (14)

### Quiz
Study material: Maritime Transportation, Chemistry and Oil_oer.pdf
Test generated using the freeware software provided by Hot Potatoes (version 6). http://hotpot.uvic.ca/

1. What are the charactersitics of the HEAVY-WEIGHT components of crude oil ?. Tick all that apply.
   1. Hydrocarbon compounds containing more than 20 carbon atoms.
   2. Almost no loss by evaporation.
   3. Almost no water-soluble fraction.
   4. They are the most persistent components of oil, their degradation rates being very slow.
   5. Hydrocarbon compounds containing between 10 and 22 carbon atoms.
   6. Evaporation rates of up to several days, although there will be some residue which does not evaporate at ambient temperatures.
   7. Low water-soluble fraction (at most a few mg/L).
   8. They pose the greatest environmental risks to organisms because the compounds are more persistent, they are biologically available, and the PAHs have high toxicity.
   9. Hydrocarbon compounds containing up to ten carbon atoms.
   10. Rapid and complete evaporation, usually within a day.
   11. High water solubility; usually contributes >95% of water-soluble fraction.
   12. They do not persist in the environment due to their fast evaporation.
2. What are the charactersitics of the MEDIUM-WEIGHTt components of crude oil ?. Tick all that apply.
   1. Hydrocarbon compounds containing more than 20 carbon atoms.
   2. Almost no loss by evaporation.
   3. Almost no water-soluble fraction.
   4. They are the most persistent components of oil, their degradation rates being very slow.
   5. Hydrocarbon compounds containing between 10 and 22 carbon atoms.
   6. Evaporation rates of up to several days, although there will be some residue which does not evaporate at ambient temperatures.
   7. Low water-soluble fraction (at most a few mg/L).
   8. They pose the greatest environmental risks to organisms because the compounds are more persistent, they are biologically available, and the PAHs have high toxicity.
   9. Hydrocarbon compounds containing up to ten carbon atoms.
   10. Rapid and complete evaporation, usually within a day.
   11. High water solubility; usually contributes >95% of water-soluble fraction.
   12. They do not persist in the environment due to their fast evaporation.
3. What are the charactersitics of the LIGHT-WEIGHT components of crude oil ?. Tick all that apply.
   1. Hydrocarbon compounds containing more than 20 carbon atoms.
   2. Almost no loss by evaporation.
   3. Almost no water-soluble fraction.
   4. They are the most persistent components of oil, their degradation rates being very slow.
   5. Hydrocarbon compounds containing between 10 and 22 carbon atoms.
   6. Evaporation rates of up to several days, although there will be some residue which does not evaporate at ambient temperatures.
   7. Low water-soluble fraction (at most a few mg/L).
   8. They pose the greatest environmental risks to organisms because the compounds are more persistent, they are biologically available, and the PAHs have high toxicity.
   9. Hydrocarbon compounds containing up to ten carbon atoms.
   10. Rapid and complete evaporation, usually within a day.
   11. High water solubility; usually contributes >95% of water-soluble fraction.
   12. They do not persist in the environment due to their fast evaporation.
4. Relate the OIL CLASS 1 (GROUP 1) with its behaviour in the environment. Tick all apply
   1. Highly volatile (should all evaporate within 1-2 days).
   2. High concentrations of toxic (soluble) compounds.
   3. Localized, severe impacts to water column and intertidal resources.
   4. Duration of impact is a function of the resource recovery rate.
   5. Moderately volatile; will leave residue (up to one-third of spill amount) after a few days.
   6. Moderate concentrations of toxic compounds are found, especially distilled products.
   7. Will "oil" intertidal resources with long-term contamination potential.
   8. Has potential for subtidal impacts (dissolution, mixing, sorption onto suspended sediments).
   9. About one-third will evaporate within 24 hours.
   10. Maximum water-soluble fraction 10-100 ppm.
   11. Oil contamination of intertidal areas can be severe and long-term.
   12. Oil impacts to waterfowl and fur-bearing mammals can be severe.
   13. Little or no evaporation or dissolution.
   14. Water-soluble fraction is less than 10 ppm.
   15. Heavy contamination of intertidal areas likely. Long-term contamination of sediments is also possible.
   16. Severe impacts to waterfowl and fur-bearing mammals (coating and ingestion).
5. Relate the OIL CLASS II (GROUP 2) with its behaviour in the environment. Tick all apply
   1. Highly volatile (should all evaporate within 1-2 days).
   2. High concentrations of toxic (soluble) compounds.
   3. Localized, severe impacts to water column and intertidal resources.
   4. Duration of impact is a function of the resource recovery rate.
   5. Moderately volatile; will leave residue (up to one-third of spill amount) after a few days.
   6. Moderate concentrations of toxic compounds are found, especially distilled products.
   7. Will "oil" intertidal resources with long-term contamination potential.
   8. Has potential for subtidal impacts (dissolution, mixing, sorption onto suspended sediments).
   9. About one-third will evaporate within 24 hours.
   10. Maximum water-soluble fraction 10-100 ppm.
   11. Oil contamination of intertidal areas can be severe and long-term.
   12. Oil impacts to waterfowl and fur-bearing mammals can be severe.
   13. Little or no evaporation or dissolution.
   14. Water-soluble fraction is less than 10 ppm.
   15. Heavy contamination of intertidal areas likely. Long-term contamination of sediments is also possible.
   16. Severe impacts to waterfowl and fur-bearing mammals (coating and ingestion).
6. Relate the OIL CLASS III (GROUP 3) with its behaviour in the environment. Tick all apply
   1. Highly volatile (should all evaporate within 1-2 days).
   2. High concentrations of toxic (soluble) compounds.
   3. Localized, severe impacts to water column and intertidal resources.
   4. Duration of impact is a function of the resource recovery rate.
   5. Moderately volatile; will leave residue (up to one-third of spill amount) after a few days.
   6. Moderate concentrations of toxic compounds are found, especially distilled products.
   7. Will "oil" intertidal resources with long-term contamination potential.
   8. Has potential for subtidal impacts (dissolution, mixing, sorption onto suspended sediments).
   9. About one-third will evaporate within 24 hours.
   10. Maximum water-soluble fraction 10-100 ppm.
   11. Oil contamination of intertidal areas can be severe and long-term.
   12. Oil impacts to waterfowl and fur-bearing mammals can be severe.
   13. Little or no evaporation or dissolution.
   14. Water-soluble fraction is less than 10 ppm.
   15. Heavy contamination of intertidal areas likely. Long-term contamination of sediments is also possible.
   16. Severe impacts to waterfowl and fur-bearing mammals (coating and ingestion).
7. Relate the OIL CLASS IV (GROUP 4) with its behaviour in the environment. Tick all apply
   1. Highly volatile (should all evaporate within 1-2 days).
   2. High concentrations of toxic (soluble) compounds.
   3. Localized, severe impacts to water column and intertidal resources.
   4. Duration of impact is a function of the resource recovery rate.
   5. Moderately volatile; will leave residue (up to one-third of spill amount) after a few days.
   6. Moderate concentrations of toxic compounds are found, especially distilled products.
   7. Will "oil" intertidal resources with long-term contamination potential.
   8. Has potential for subtidal impacts (dissolution, mixing, sorption onto suspended sediments).
   9. About one-third will evaporate within 24 hours.
   10. Maximum water-soluble fraction 10-100 ppm.
   11. Oil contamination of intertidal areas can be severe and long-term.
   12. Oil impacts to waterfowl and fur-bearing mammals can be severe.
   13. Little or no evaporation or dissolution.
   14. Water-soluble fraction is less than 10 ppm.
   15. Heavy contamination of intertidal areas likely. Long-term contamination of sediments is also possible.
   16. Severe impacts to waterfowl and fur-bearing mammals (coating and ingestion).
8. Choose the most effective response(s) to OIL CLASS I (GORUP 1) oil spills. Tick all that apply.
   1. No dispersion necessary.
   2. No cleanup necessary.
   3. Cleanup can be very effective.
   4. Chemical dispersion is an option within 1-2 days.
   5. Cleanup most effective if conducted quickly.
   6. Mechanical recovery is almost the unique option.
9. Choose the most effective response(s) to OIL CLASS II (GORUP 2) oil spills. Tick all that apply.
   1. No dispersion necessary.
   2. No cleanup necessary.
   3. Cleanup can be very effective.
   4. Chemical dispersion is an option within 1-2 days.
   5. Cleanup most effective if conducted quickly.
   6. Mechanical recovery is almost the unique option.
10. Choose the most effective response(s) to OIL CLASS III (GORUP 3) oil spills. Tick all that apply.
    1. No dispersion necessary.
    2. No cleanup necessary.
    3. Cleanup can be very effective.
    4. Chemical dispersion is an option within 1-2 days.
    5. Cleanup most effective if conducted quickly.
    6. Mechanical recovery is almost the unique option.
11. Choose the most effective response(s) to OIL CLASS IV (GORUP 4) oil spills. Tick all that apply.
    1. No dispersion necessary.
    2. No cleanup necessary.
    3. Cleanup can be very effective.
    4. Chemical dispersion is an option within 1-2 days.
    5. Cleanup most effective if conducted quickly.
    6. Mechanical recovery is almost the unique option.
12. Conditions that facilitates easier dispersion of oil spills:
    1. Moderate sea state
    2. Medium & light crudes spill
    3. Heavy oil spill
    4. Flat sea
    5. High waves
13. Oil weathering involves the following processes (tick all that apply):
    1. Spreading
    2. Evaporation
    3. Dispersion
    4. Emulsification
    5. Slick movement
    6. Oxidation
    7. Sedimentation
    8. Biodegradation
    9. Dissolution
    10. Containment and recovery
    11. Use of dispersants
    12. In-situ burning
14. Select the components of the fire triangle (tick all that apply):
    1. Fuel
    2. Oxygen
    3. Ignition source
    4. Temperature
    5. Chain reaction